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Navigating Femoral Shaft Fractures: Treatment Strategies and Implant Options

Types of Femoral Fractures

Transverse Fracture: A horizontal fracture across the femoral shaft, perpendicular to the bone’s long axis, often caused by direct trauma.
Spiral Fracture: Characterized by a twisted pattern along the femur’s length, typically resulting from rotational forces like twisting injuries.
Oblique Fracture: A diagonal fracture across the shaft, generally due to a mix of bending and twisting forces.
Segmental Fracture: The femoral shaft is broken in multiple places, creating separate bone segments, commonly from high-energy trauma.
Comminuted Fracture: The femoral shaft breaks into three or more fragments, often from severe impacts and high-energy trauma.

Symptoms of Femoral Bone Fractures

– Severe pain in the thigh or groin, especially during movement
– Swelling around the injured area, with rapid onset
– Bruising or discoloration over the thigh or groin
– Visible deformity or abnormal positioning of the leg
– Inability to bear weight on the affected leg
– Tenderness when touched
– Limited range of motion due to pain and stiffness
– Numbness, tingling, or weakness in the leg, potentially indicating nerve damage
– In severe cases, a visible bone protrusion through the skin (open fracture)

Causes of Femoral Fractures

Femoral fractures are often caused by:
- – Falls or impacts during physical activity
- – Direct trauma, as seen in accidents
- – Bone-weakening diseases, such as osteoporosis or cancer

Treatment of Femoral Fractures

Pain Management: Pain relief is essential, as femur fractures can be extremely painful.

- Surgery: Often necessary for fracture repair, especially for open fractures. Methods include:
  - – Metal Pins, Plates, or Screws: Used internally or externally to stabilize the bone.
  - – Intramedullary Nailing: A procedure where a nail is placed in the bone’s center and fixed with screws, keeping bone fragments aligned.

Splints, Slings, or Casts: Used to maintain bone alignment during healing.

Traction: Applied shortly after the injury or during healing to maintain bone position.

Physical Therapy: Recommended post-surgery to restore strength and functionality.

Implants Used in Femoral Bone Fracture Repair

5.0mm Proximal Femur Cable LCP: Anatomically contoured for the femoral shaft, with a polished design to minimize soft tissue irritation. Non-linear locking holes enhance bone strength post-plate removal.

5.0mm Distal Medial Femoral L-Type: Designed for distal femur fractures, this system provides dual plate fixation for superior strength, minimizing fragment displacement and supporting early mobility.

5.0mm Distal Femur LCP: A fixation system for comminuted distal femur fractures, featuring a locking mechanism for enhanced stability and bridging plate fixation for multi-fragment fractures.

5.0/6.5mm Proximal Femur LCP Type 2: This plate provides stress distribution to prevent femoral head collapse, featuring an anatomically contoured fit and Radiolucent Aiming Device for precise percutaneous fixation.

DHS Plate: Designed for minimally invasive surgery, this plate enables stable fixation for fractures with improved angular stability, simplifying surgical techniques for bone alignment.

DCS Plate: Its low-profile design minimizes the risk of bursitis, with enhanced stability to support distal femur or subtrochanteric fractures.

5.0/6.5mm Proximal Femur LCP: This anatomically pre-shaped plate addresses complex proximal femur fractures. Featuring locking screws and Combi-holes, it allows for versatile fixation and stability around intramedullary implants.

5.0mm Broad LCP: A broad-profile plate that provides flexibility for locking or non-locking screws, enhancing construct stability and reducing the risk of screw loosening.

6.5mm/7.0mm CC & BON-HCS:

Headless Compression Screw (HCS): A headless design that allows it to be countersunk for stable fracture fixation.

Cancellous Cannulated Screw (CC): A hollow-core screw used with a guide wire for precise insertion, providing strong fixation in cancellous bone areas.

ARTIQLX Bipolar Hip Prosthesis: A hip implant for femoral neck fractures, allowing pivoting for mobility and joint protection without replacing the entire joint.

FNS (Femoral Neck System): A system for femoral neck fractures, offering fixed-angle gliding fixation with controlled collapse similar to dynamic hip screws, enhancing stability while minimizing angulation.

Expert Femur Nail: Provides biomechanical stability and supports minimally invasive techniques, enabling quicker functional recovery post-surgery.

PFN: An implant for proximal femoral fractures in the trochanteric region, using closed intramedullary fixation.

PFNA-II: An intramedullary nailing system for various proximal femur and femoral shaft fractures, with enhanced stability and antirotation features.

Syrus Femur Interlocking Nail: Suitable for closed and open diaphyseal fractures, sub-trochanteric fractures, pseudarthrosis, and corrective osteotomies, providing reliable fixation for complex femur fractures.